Hiking Essentials
Whether you are new to hiking or an experienced trekker, "be prepared" should be your motto. Essential safety gear, survival gear, knowledge, and a little common sense are required on all hikes.
Footwear. Choose the right hiking shoes for your hike. For day hikes on non-challenging terrain, a light trail shoe or trail runner is a good choice. For longer hikes, backpacking, or rocky terrain a sturdier hiking boot is preferred. Ankle support is important if in ankle-twisting terrain.
Navigation. You should carry a map of your trail printed out in a waterproof pouch. Don't rely solely on a cell phone and electronic GPS devices. Carry a compass along with your map, and learn how to use a map and compass properly.
Water. Carry enough water with you. A general rule of thumb is to bring 0.5 liters of water per half hour of moderate activity in moderate temperature. Carrying two 32 ounce water bottles is good for a typical day hike with places along the way to refill your bottles. If a safe potable water source is not available on your route, and you cannot carry enough potable water for your hike, you will need to carry a water purifying filter or water purification tablets.
Food. Bring along snacks for your trips and be sure to bring something extra. You never know when you may end up out longer than expected. Trail mix and energy bars are good staples.
Clothing. Pack extra layers of clothing. Dressing in layers allows you to adjust for the temperature throughout the day. A fleece for men or a fleece for women is a great hiking standard. Be prepared for rain. A rain jacket and rain pants can come in handy, or a rain poncho at a minimum. Bring along a hat with good sun protection.
Emergency Items. Have fire starting supplies, a whistle, and lighting (flashlight or headlamp) with you in case you end up out longer than planned or end up stranded overnight. An emergency blanket or bivy is also a good idea.
First Aid Kit. Back to the basics of "be prepared". There are many pre-packed first aid kits available. Pick one that is suitable for the length of your trip and the number of hikers in your party. If any hikers have severe allergies to bug bites or other allergens they should carry an Epi-Pen and inhalers as prescribed by a doctor.
Pocket Knife. A pocket knife or multi-tool is good for lots of things. Best to put one of these in your pack.
Sunscreen and Bug Spray. Don't forget sunscreen and a sunhat as well as lip balm with SPF and sunglasses. Shirts with SPF protection are also advisable. And don't forget bug spray to keep the mosquitos and tics away.
Day Pack. And of course you'll need a backpack or daypack to carry your essentials.